With the rapid development of high-speed circuit design, PCB routing has evolved beyond simple interconnection tasks. Engineers must analyze various distributed parameters using transmission line theory. Distributed parameter circuits account for spatial variations in voltage and current. Modern PCBs, with their complexity and density, include advanced features like microvias, buried/blind vias, and embedded components (e.g., resistors, capacitors). These advancements require PCB designers to understand production processes deeply and adapt their designs to manufacturing constraints.