What is a Single-Sided PCB?

A Single-Sided PCB (also known as a Single-Layer PCB or One-Layer PCB) is the simplest and most cost-effective type of printed circuit board. As the name suggests, it has a single conductive layer (usually copper) on one side of the substrate, with the electronic components mounted on the opposite side.

Unlike double-sided PCBs, which feature conductive layers on both sides, single-sided PCBs have only one layer for the electrical circuit, making them less complex and suitable for simpler designs.

Key Features of Single-Sided PCBs:

• Single Substrate Layer: Typically made from fiberglass or other insulating materials.
• Single Copper Layer: A copper layer is applied to one side of the substrate to form the circuit.
• Non-Plated Holes: The holes for the components are not plated through, simplifying the manufacturing process.
• Component Layout: Electronic components are placed on one side, while the copper circuit is on the other.

How to Make a Single-Sided PCB (DIY Process)

Making a Single-Sided PCB at home is straightforward and inexpensive. Here is a step-by-step guide to create your own single-layer PCB:

Steps to Create a Single-Sided PCB:

1. Design the Layout: Use PCB design software such as Proteus, Eagle, or OrCAD to create the circuit layout.
2. Print the Layout: Print the layout on glossy paper (ensure high-quality prints for better results).
3. Prepare the Substrate: Cut a copper-plated fiberglass PCB substrate to the desired size.
4. Transfer the Layout: Using an iron, transfer the printed PCB layout onto the copper side of the board by pressing for 20-30 seconds.
5. Etching the Board: Place the board in a copper chloride (CuCl₃) or ferric chloride (FeCl₃) solution for 20-30 minutes to etch away the unwanted copper, leaving behind the designed circuit.
6. Clean the Board: After etching, use a scrubber to remove the laser ink from the PCB.
7. Apply Solder Mask: Apply a green solder mask to protect the circuit and prevent short circuits.
8. Drill Component Holes: Drill holes where the components will be inserted.
9. Solder the Components: Once the etching and solder mask are complete, proceed to soldering the components onto the board.

Advantages of Single-Sided PCBs

Although single-sided PCBs are simpler and less advanced than multi-layer boards, they offer several advantages that make them ideal for specific applications:

1. Low Manufacturing Costs: Single-sided PCBs are the most cost-effective option for simpler electronic designs.
2. Low Defect Probability: The simpler design reduces the chances of manufacturing errors, making them more reliable for basic applications.
3. Easy to Understand: The simplicity of single-layer PCBs makes them easier to understand and use, especially for beginners and students.
4. Quick Design and Manufacturing: Since these PCBs have fewer layers and components, they are quick to design and manufacture.
5. Ideal for Simple Circuits: Suitable for low-density and straightforward designs where complexity is not required.

Common Uses of Single-Sided PCBs

Due to their low cost and simplicity, single-sided PCBs are widely used in various consumer electronics and simple gadgets. Some of the most common applications include:

• LED Lights: Used in basic LED lighting circuits where simplicity and cost-effectiveness are key.
• Relays: Power and signal relays commonly use single-layer PCBs for straightforward control functions.
• Calculators: Simple consumer electronics like calculators often use single-sided PCBs for their low-cost, easy-to-manufacture designs.
• Sensors: Basic sensors used in a wide range of applications can be efficiently designed on single-layer PCBs.
• Power Supplies: Low-power power supplies and regulators frequently use single-sided designs.
• Timers: Timing circuits such as those used in alarm clocks or other simple applications often rely on single-sided PCBs.
• Radios: Basic radios and audio devices can be manufactured with single-layer boards for simplicity and low cost.
• Printers: Many types of printers use single-sided PCBs for controlling basic functions.
• Vending Machines: Vending machine control systems and display boards use single-sided PCB designs.
• Cameras: Basic camera circuits, especially in older or simpler models, can be designed using single-layer PCBs.

A Single-Sided PCB is a great choice for low-cost, low-density electronic applications where simplicity is paramount. These PCBs are ideal for hobbyists, students, and beginners who want to design and manufacture basic electronic circuits.

Although they may not be suitable for complex, high-performance applications, single-layer PCBs remain widely used in simple consumer electronics, such as LED lights, relays, calculators, and sensors. Their easy design and cost-effectiveness continue to make them a go-to solution for straightforward electronics.